United+Kingdom

General Information The United Kingdom is a common-law country with an unwritten Constitution and an increasing multiplicity of legislations which make looking for sources of law a layered task. For example, the Parliament and the Supreme Court of UK are far more interlinked (and indeed, overlapping) than the traditional doctrine of Separation of Powers would suggest. Hence, for the interests of our research study, we’ve tried to focus on a multiplicity of sources of “law” (a term which we choose to interpret broadly and flexibly in our attempt to locate the breadth of the commons doctrine). By this, we mean that we’re looking at legislations, cases and any evidence of customs and traditional practices which could be cited as affirmative precedent. At a secondary source level, we’re looking at scholarly articles and international treaties. Furthermore, given that our papers look to define the contours of a new legal paradigm, we’re looking at foreign laws to help us in understanding best practice norms for our own countries and the UK.

Heba will be focusing on a deeper study of England and I’ll be focusing on the genetic resource management of the UK for the purposes of my study. **//(Shalini)//** I'll be conducting a legal comparative analysis of the UK and my country, considering political, social, economic and historical factors in explaining the similarities and differences between the two related laws. Wang and Justina will be doing likewise. //**(Hamid)**//

Hi team, thanks to Shalini for uploading the short analysis of our primary and secondary sources as agreed upon in our last meeting. However, I think she wasn't able to take note of what each and every one of us finally decided to focus on, except for hers and Heba's. I have stated what I will focus on and what I remembered Justina and Wang finally decided to focus on; if I'm mistaken please feel free to edit my statement above. We can all share our views and extra information under this heading. //**(Hamid)**// Hi team, I suggest we meet on Monday at lunch time to discuss our presentation. If that time is not suitable, for any reasons, then let's please come up with suggestions for a meeting date & time that will be held before Wednesday. //**(Hamid)**//
 * GROUP DISCUSSIONS **


 * PRIMARY SOURCES **

The UK is composed of 4 territorial units with varying degrees of autonomy in matters of administration- England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. However, common property as a concept has a long history in the UK with some tracing their history to "time immemorial" and the formal recognition of its antiquity by William the Conqueror. Since then, however, the tensions about the breadth of the right to commons resources has continued, albeit interspersed with some attempts at regulation. Of these, the 1965 and 2006 Commons Acts are significant in their attempt at achieving definitional clarity. However, given the nature of the issue, there is significant debate and discussion about the two and this is where the other legislations step in to play an important role in contextualising the debate as well as lending their persuasive value to different positions on the matter.**//(Shalini)//**

1- Contested common land- Case studies from UK**//(Heba)//**

2- Boundaries of property rights in English law**//(Heba)//**

3. Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 **//(Shalini)//**

4. Commons Registration Act 1965 **//(Shalini)//**

5.**//(Justina)//**

6. **//(Abigael)//**

7. **//(Hamid)//**

8. **//(Wang)//**

9. **//(Wang)//**

10. **//(Wang)//**

11. **//(Wang)//** = = =SECONDARY SOURCES=

For secondary sources, a brief list has been put up thus far. All the articles look at different aspects of the Commons framework in the UK and the manner in which they've been understood in each of the units that come together to create the United Kingdom. **//(Shalini)//**

1. **//(Shalini)//** 2. **//(Shalini)//**

3. **//(Shalini)//**

4. (**//Shalini)//**

5. **//(Justina)//**

6.**//(Justina)//**

7.**//(Justina)//**

8.(**//Justina)//**

9.A short history of land registraton in England and Wales **//(Heba)//**

10. The Common Lands and Village Greens of England and Wales **//(Shalini)//** //11. (Hamid)// //12. (Hamid)// //13. (Hamid)//

//14. //**//(Wang)//**

//15. //**//(Wang)//**

//16. //**//(Wang)//**


 * //17. [[file:commons in europe.pdf]](justina)//**
 * //18. [[file:Land Ownership in the United Kingdom_-_trends, preferences and future.pdf]](Hamid)//**

when did you get back home?